Types of projects for construction and reconstruction
Designing a construction or reconstruction project is an important stage that determines the future appearance of the facility, its functionality, safety, and compliance with applicable regulations and standards.
There are different types of projects, each of which has its own characteristics and stages of implementation. Let’s look at the main types of projects for construction and reconstruction.
1. Preliminary design
A preliminary design is an initial design stage that reflects the overall concept of a building or structure. It includes:
- Location of the object on the land plot.
- Architectural and planning solutions (room layout, general dimensions).
- Facades and general appearance of the object.
The preliminary design usually does not include detailed technical solutions, but it is important for approval by the customer and architectural supervision authorities. At this stage, the overall architectural concept is determined.
2. Project documentation (PD)
Project documentation consists of more detailed solutions that are necessary to obtain a building permit. The project includes:
- Architectural solutions (plans, sections, facades).
- Structural solutions (main load-bearing elements, foundations).
- Schemes of engineering networks (heating, water supply, electricity).
- General plan of development.
Project documentation is carried out in accordance with the requirements of DBN A.2.2-3:2014 “Composition and Content of Project Documentation for Construction”.
3. Detailed design (DD)
The detailed design is a more detailed continuation of the project documentation. It includes the exact engineering and technical solutions required to perform construction and installation work. The detailed design defines:
- The exact dimensions and specifications of materials and structures.
- Detailed drawings of components, connections, and technological solutions.
- Full specification of equipment and materials.
This type of project is the main one for the contractor during construction.
4. Reconstruction project
A reconstruction project is created for objects that already exist but need to change their functional purpose, modernize or redevelop. Reconstruction may include:
- Changes in the architectural appearance.
- Re-equipment of engineering networks.
- Strengthening of structures.
- Adding new elements or parts of the building.
Reconstruction projects require additional research, in particular the technical condition of existing structures, as specified in DBN B.3.2-2:2018 “Reconstruction and Overhaul of Buildings”.
5. Restoration project
Restoration projects concern historical or culturally significant objects that need to be restored or preserved. The main goal of the restoration project is to preserve the original appearance and functions of the object with minimal interference with its authentic structure.
Restoration is regulated by special standards, in particular, DBN V.3.2-1-2004 “Repair and restoration works on cultural heritage monuments”.
6. Capital repair project
A capital repair project includes work to restore the technical suitability of buildings and structures. This may include:
- Repair of load-bearing structures.
- Restoration of engineering networks.
- Renovation of facades and interior spaces.
Major repairs do not change the main architectural and functional characteristics of the facility, but involve significant technical work to restore it.
7. Master plan
A master plan is developed for the integrated development of territories (neighborhoods, industrial zones, etc.). The master plan includes:
- Planning decisions of the territory.
- Location of construction objects.
- Schemes of engineering networks.
- Decisions on the improvement of the territory.
The master plan is used as a basis for further design of specific facilities.
Contact the engineers of GlobalBud Ukraine
GlobalBud Ukraine has many years of experience in developing various types of projects for construction and reconstruction. Our engineers and architects will create a project that meets your needs and legal requirements.
Contact us for professional help and advice at every stage of the design process.
